Microbiota intestinal: impacto en la enfermedad metabólica
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Resumen
La microbiota del intestino cumple una serie de funciones metabólicas e inmunológicas en el ser humano, lo que permite buen estado de salud. Se conoce actualmente las implicaciones que tiene la alteración de la microbiota intestinal y la respuesta adversa del hospedero a estos cambios (disbiosis) sobre las enfermedades metabólicas. El sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen factores de riesgo para un gran número de enfermedades crónicas, como el síndrome metabólico, la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y algunos tipos de cáncer. Es así como el desequilibrio en la composición de la microbiota intestinal se han asociado a una mayor susceptibilidad a las infecciones y los trastornos de base inmunológica y, recientemente, también a la resistencia a la insulina y al aumento del peso corporal. En relación a la evidencia actual, resulta importante investigar los efectos en la modificación de la microbiota intestinal, mediante el uso alimentos funcionales probióticos y prebióticos, a fin de intervenir y prevenir el desarrollo de la obesidad y las alteraciones metabólicas.
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